Red Settlement — The Little Jerusalem of the Caucasus

Nestled in the picturesque valleys of northern Azerbaijan, just a few kilometers from the city of Quba, lies a truly remarkable place — Red Settlement (Qırmızı Qəsəbə). It is known as the only all-Jewish town outside of Israel, home to the ancient community of Mountain Jews. This small but vibrant settlement stands as a living symbol of Azerbaijan’s long-standing tolerance, diversity, and cultural harmony.

The origins of Red Settlement date back to the late 18th century, during the reign of Fathali Khan, ruler of the Quba Khanate. At that time, Jewish families fleeing persecution in nearby regions were granted refuge and land along the Gudiyalchay River. The new settlement was initially known as “Jewish Sloboda” but later became “Red Settlement,” named after the distinctive color of its brick houses.

Over the centuries, the local Mountain Jewish community managed to preserve its language, religion, and traditions despite wars, migrations, and changing empires. Their language, Juhuri, is a fascinating blend of ancient Persian with elements of Hebrew — a living link to the community’s deep historical roots.

Walking through the narrow streets of Red Settlement feels like stepping back in time. Rows of red-brick houses line the roads, their windows decorated with intricate wooden shutters. Two beautifully restored synagogues — the Shokhet Synagogue and the Gilak Synagogue — once again serve as spiritual centers for the community.

The calm rhythm of daily life here contrasts with the world beyond. Locals greet visitors warmly, proudly sharing stories about their ancestors, traditional recipes, and the customs that make this place truly unique.

One of the most fascinating places in Red Settlement is the Museum of Mountain Jews of Azerbaijan — the first and only museum of its kind in the post-Soviet space.

Its exhibits include ancient prayer books, national costumes, photographs, and everyday objects that illustrate centuries of Jewish life in the Caucasus. It’s not just a museum — it’s a bridge between generations.

Red Settlement is more than just a village — it’s a living testament to the endurance and spirit of the Mountain Jewish people.

Although many families have emigrated to Israel, Russia, or the United States, their homes remain cared for, and their synagogues filled with light. The settlement still radiates a sense of peace, coexistence, and timeless dignity.

A visit to Red Settlement offers a rare chance to experience a unique blend of history, faith, and culture.

It’s a reminder that in Azerbaijan, diverse peoples have lived side by side for centuries — united by respect and shared humanity. Here, history doesn’t hide in books; it lives in the voices of locals, in the aroma of freshly baked bread, and in the melodies of the ancient Juhuri language.

Red Settlement is located 3 km from Quba and about 170 km north of Baku. You can reach it by car or bus along the Baku–Quba highway — a scenic 2.5–3-hour drive through the rolling hills of the Greater Caucasus.